Umjetnik
Mjesto rođenja Quincy, Sjedinjene Američke Države
Carl Andre: Biografija
Rođen: Quincy, Massachusetts (1935)
Preminuo: 24. siječnja 2024., New York City
Nacionalnost: Američka
Rani život i obrazovanje
Carl Andre je rođen u Quincyju, Massachusetts, 16. rujna 1935. godine. Njegov otac bio je vrhunski projektant sustava za pitku vodu na brodovima.
Školovao se u javnom školskom sustavu u Quincyju, a kasnije je pohađao Phillips Academy u Andoveru, Massachusetts (1951.-1953.).
Tijekom boravka u Phillips Academy, stekao je značajno prijateljstvo s Hollisom Framptonom, koji je duboko utjecao na Andreov umjetnički put kroz razgovore o umjetnosti i predstavljanje drugim umjetnicima.
Andre je služio u američkoj vojsci u North Carolini od 1955. do 1956. godine.
U New York City preselio je 1956. godine, gdje ga je Frampton upoznao s Constantinom Brâncușijem i Frankom Stellom, što je dovelo do zajedničkog umjetničkog prostora sa Stellom od 1958. do 1960. godine.
Umjetnički razvoj i minimalizam
Rani utjecaji: Andreovi rani radovi u drvu u početku su bili inspirirani Brâncușijem. Razgovori s Frankom Stellom o prostoru i formi promijenili su njegov umjetnički smjer.
Skulpture "rezane" (Cut): Dok je dijelio studio sa Stellom, Andre je razvio seriju drvenih skulptura "rezanih" poput Radial Arm Saw Cut Sculpture (1959) i Maple Spindle Exercise (1959). Stella je tada izgovorio poznatu rečenicu da su i uklonjeni komadi također skulpture.
Iskustvo radnika: Od 1960. do 1964. godine, Andre je radio kao konduktor i radnik na utovar tereta za Pennsylvania Railroad u New Jerseyju. Ovo iskustvo s manuelnim radom i uređenost željezničkog posla značajno su utjecali na njegove kasnije skrbure i osobni stil (često se odijevao u radnu odjeću).
Poezija i pisanje: Razdoblje između 1960. i 1965. godine obilježilo je Andreovo fokusiranje prvenstveno na pisanje, što je kulminiralo djelom 12 Dialogues (objavljeno 1980.), zajedničkom knjigom poezije i eseja s Hollisom Framptonom.
Pojava minimalista: Godine 1965. imao je svoju prvu javnu izložbu u Tibor de Nagy Gallery. Andreov rad postao je povezan s minimalizmom, koji se odlikuje naglaskom na industrijske materijale, geometrijske oblike i prostorne odnose. Njegov kontroverzni rad Lever uključen je u značajnu izložbu Primary Structures iz 1966. godine u Jewish Museumu.
Glavna djela i kontroverze
Značajne skulpture: Andre je prepoznat po djelima kao što su 144 Lead Square (1969), Twenty-Fifth Steel Cardinal (1974), Stone Field Sculpture (1977, Hartford, CT) i Lament for the Children (1976, Long Island City, NY).
Kontroverza s ciglama: Godine 1972., britanska Tate Gallery stekla je Equivalent VIII, aranžman od vatrostalnih cigli. Djelo je steklo notoritet 1976. godine kada je uprljano plavom prehramnom bojom nakon što je objavljeno u Sunday Timesu, što je pokrenulo veliku javnu raspravu o suvremenoj umjetnosti i njezinoj dostupnosti.
Zastupanje: Andre su zastupale Paula Cooper Gallery (New York), Konrad Fischer Galerie (Düsseldorf & Berlin), Sadie Coles HQ (London) i Yvon Lambert Gallery (Paris).
Osobni život i naslijeđe
Odnos s Anom Mendieta: Andre je upoznao umjetnicu Anu Mendietu 1979. godine. Oženili su se 1985., ali je njihova veza završila tragično kada je Mendieta poginula nakon pada s balkona Andreovog apartmana 1985. godine.
Pravni postupci: Andre je optužen za ubojstvo drugog stupnja u povezanosti s Mendieta inom smrću, ali je oslobođen optužbi na suđenju 1988. godine, što je presuda koja je izazvala veliku kontroverzu u umjetničkom svijetu.
Kritički prijem: Evolucija kritičkog razumijevanja rada Carla Andreja dokumentirana je u knjizi About Carl Andre: Critical Texts Since 1965, koja objedinjuje eseje i recenzije utjecajnih povjesničara umjetnosti i kritičara kao što su Clement Greenberg, Donald Kuspit, Lucy R. Lippard, Robert C. Morgan, Barbara Rose i Roberta Smith.
Smrt: Carl Andre je preminuo 24. siječnja 2024. u New York Cityju u dobi od 88 godina.
Muzej
Prikazano u Milan, Italy
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