The Triumph of Death – (Pieter Bruegel The Elder) ◄ Previous Next ►

Artist: Pieter Bruegel The Elder

Style: Northern Renaissance

Topic: Religious Birth And Death Hell

Date: 1562

Size: 117 x 162 cm

Museum: Museo del Prado (Madrid, Spain)

Technique: Oil On Panel

The painting is a panoramic landscape of death: the sky in the distance is blackened by smoke from burning cities and the sea is littered with shipwrecks. Armies of skeletons advance on the hapless living, who either flee in terror or try vainly to fight back. Skeletons kill people in a variety of ways – slitting throats, hanging, drowning, and even hunting with skeletal dogs. In the foreground, skeletons haul a wagon full of skulls, and ring the bell that signifies the death knell of the world. A fool plays the lute while a skeleton behind him plays along; a starving dog nibbles at the face of a child; a cross sits lonely and impotent in the center of the painting. People are herded into a trap decorated with crosses, while a skeleton on horseback slaughters people with a scythe. The painting depicts people of different social backgrounds – from peasants and soldiers to nobles and even a king and a cardinal – being taken by death indiscriminately. The painting shows aspects of everyday European life in the mid-sixteenth century. Clothes are clearly depicted, as are pastimes such as playing cards. It shows objects such as musical instruments, an early mechanical clock, scenes including a funeral service, and a common method of execution for sixteenth-century criminals: being lashed to a cartwheel mounted on a vertical pole.