Umetnik
Rođen/a u Kvinsi, Sjedinjene Američke Države
Karl Andre: Biografija
Rođen: Kvinsi, Masačusets (1935)
Preminuo: 24. januara 2024, Njujork
Nacionalnost: Amerikanc
Rani život i obrazovanje
Karl Andre je rođen u Kvinsiju, Masačets, 16. septembra 1935. godine. Njegov otac bio je vrhunski projektant sistema za pitku vodu na brodovima.
Obredovao je u javnom školskom sistemu u Kvinsiju, a kasnije je pohađao Phillips akademiju u Andoveru, Masačets (1951–1953).
Tokom boravka na Phillips akademiji, stekao je značajno prijateljstvo sa Holisom Fremptonom, koji je duboko uticao na Andreov umetnički put kroz razgovore o umetnosti i predstavljanje drugim umetnicima.
Andre je služio u američkoj vojsci u Severnoj Karolini od 1955. do 1956. godine.
U Njujork je došao 1956. godine, gde ga je Frempton upoznao sa Konstantinom Brankušijem i Frenkom Stelom, što je dovelo do zajedničkog radnog prostora sa Stelom od 1958. do 1960. godine.
Umetnički razvoj i minimalizam
Rani uticaji: Andreovi rani radovi u drvetu prvobitno su bili inspirisani Brankušijem. Razgovori sa Frenkom Stelom o prostoru i formi promenili su njegov umetnički pravac.
„Isecane“ skulpture: Deleći studio sa Stelom, Andre je razvio seriju drvenih „isečenih“ skulptura, kao što su Radial Arm Saw Cut Sculpture (1959) i Maple Spindle Exercise (1959). Stela je slavno primetio da su i uklonjeni delovi takođe skulptura.
Iskustvo radnika: Od 1960. do 1964. godine, Andre je radio kao konduktor i kočničar tereta za železnicu Pennsylvania Railroad u Nju Džerziju. Ovo iskustvo u manuelnom radu i uređenost železničkog posla značajno su uticali na njegove kasnije skulpture i lični stil (često se oblačio u radnu odeću).
Poezija i pisanje: Period između 1960. i 1965. godine Andre je posvetio prvenstveno pisanju, što je kulminiralo delom 12 Dijalozi (objavljeno 1980), zajedničkom knjigom poezije i eseja sa Holisom Fremptonom.
Pojava minimaliste: Godine 1965. imao je svoju prvu javnu izložbu u galeriji Tibor de Nagy. Andreov rad postao je povezan sa minimalizmom, koji karakterišu naglasak na industrijskim materijalima, geometrijskim oblicima i prostornim odnosima. Njegova kontroverzna skulptura „Poluga“ (Lever) bila je uključena u značajnu izložbu Primary Structures u Jevrejskom muzeju 1966. godine.
Značajna dela i kontroverze
Istaknute skulpture: Andre je priznat po delima kao što su 144 Lead Square (1rotacija 1969), Twenty-Fifth Steel Cardinal (1974), Stone Field Sculpture (1977, Hartford, CT) i Lament for the Children (1976, Long Island City, NY).
„Kontroverza sa ciglama“: Godine 1972, britanska Tate galerija nabavila je Equivalent VIII, aranžman od vatrostalnih cigli. Delo je steklo notoritet 1976. godine kada je upaćeno plavom prehrambenom bojom nakon objavljivanja u Sunday Times-u, što je pokrenulo veliku javnu debatu o savremenoj umetnosti i njenoj dostupnosti.
Zastupanje: Andre su zastupale galerije Paula Cooper (Njujork), Konrad Fischer Galerie (Düsseldorf i Berlin), Sadie Coles HQ (London) i Yvon Lambert Gallery (Pariz).
Privatni život i nasleđe
Veza sa Anom Mendieta: Andre je upoznao umetnicu Anu Mendietu 1979. godine. Venčali su se 1985, ali je njihova veza završila tragično kada je Mendieta preminula nakon pada sa balkona Andreovog apartmana 1985. godine.
Pravosudni postupci: Andre je optužen za ubistvo drugog stepena u vezi sa Mendietinom smrću, ali je oslobođen krivice na suđenju 1988. godine, što je presuda koja je izazvala veliku kontroverzu u svetu umetnosti.
Kritički prijem: Evolucija kritičkog razumevanja rada Karla Andreа dokumentovana je u knjizi About Carl Andre: Critical Texts Since 1ms65, koja objedinjuje eseje i recenzije uticajnih istoričara umetnosti i kritičara kao što su Clement Greenberg, Donald Kuspit, Lucy R. Lippard, Robert C. Morgan, Barbara Rose i Roberta Smith.
Smrt: Karl Andre je preminuo 24. januara 2024. u Njujorku u uzrastu od 88 godina.
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