Portrait of Дијего Ривера

List of the 100 Most Famous Paintings by Дијего Ривера

Updated октобар 2026 · ranked by our popularity score (searches, visits and orders for each work) · 383 works by Дијего Ривера in our catalogue

Сумарно

The most widely known painting by Дијего Ривера is Čovek na raskrsnici / Čovek, kontrolor univerzuma (1934), in the collection of the Palace of Fine arts, Mexico City. The next entries are Detroit Industrija, Severna zidova and Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park (1948). The catalogue documents 383 works by Дијего Ривера; the 100 entries below are the best known, listed in rank order with date, holding museum and description.

1886 – 1957, Гванахуато Realism Most works: Museo Dolores Olmedo

Дијего Ривера: the 10 principal paintings

1
Čovek na raskrsnici / Čovek, kontrolor univerzuma (1934) by Дијего Ривера

Čovek na raskrsnici / Čovek, kontrolor univerzuma

1934 · Freska · Palace of Fine arts, Mexico City

Diego Rivera's "Čovek na raskršću": Vizija napretka i sukoba "Čovek na raskršću", ili "Čovek, kontrolor univerzuma", kako je kasnije preimenovano, monumentalno delo Diega Rivere iz 1934. godine nije samo umetničko ostvarenje; to je vizuelni manifest koji odražava brige i ambicije sveta u naglom razvoju. Iako prvobitno naručen za Rokfeler centar u Njujorku, a potom uništen zbog kontroverzne teme, ovo delo danas živi kroz detaljne fotografske zapise i predstavlja kamen temeljac…

2
Detroit Industrija, Severna zidova by Дијего Ривера

Detroit Industrija, Severna zidova

Freska

Majstorstvo meksičkog muralizma Dijegov rad „Detroit Industry, North Wall” predstavlja monumentalni fresk koji oličuje snagu i veličinu meksičkog muralizma. Kao jedno od najslavnijih Riveraovih dela, ovaj mural beleži samu suštinu industrijskog rada i tehnološkog napretka početkom 20. veka. Ovo delo je svedočanstvo Riveraove sposobnosti da spoji socijalni realizam sa živopisnim, dinamičnim kompozicijama, čineći ga nezaobilaznim za ljubitelje umetnosti i kolekcionare. Simfonija boja i formi Bogata paleta boja ovog murala, u…

3
Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park (1948) by Дијего Ривера

Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park

1948 · Acrylic On Canvas

Diego Rivera's “Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park” is more than just a mural; it’s a vibrant, immersive journey through the heart of Mexico’s soul. Completed between 1946 and 1947, this monumental work, measuring an impressive 15.6 meters by 4.7 meters, transports viewers to a pivotal moment in Mexican history – a snapshot of Alameda Central Park, the oldest public space in Mexico City, as it existed before…

4
Land and Freedom by Дијего Ривера

Land and Freedom

Fresco

Land and Freedom is a significant work by Diego Rivera, a central figure of the Mexican Muralism movement. This piece forms part of the larger History of Mexico mural series located within the National Palace in Mexico City. Through this monumental commission, Rivera utilized the medium of fresco to document the social and political transformations of the nation.

5
The Flower Carrier (1935) by Дијего Ривера

The Flower Carrier

1935 · Oil On Canvas · San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisko

Diego Rivera’s “The Flower Carrier” stands as a cornerstone of Mexican muralism, embodying not merely visual beauty but profound social commentary woven into the fabric of its artistic execution. Created in 1935 during a period marked by fervent debates about modernity and tradition, this oil painting transcends mere depiction; it invites contemplation on themes of labor, resilience, and the enduring allure of nature.

6
Calla Lily Vendor by Дијего Ривера

Calla Lily Vendor

Oil On Canvas

Introduction to the Painting Calla Lily Vendors is a painting by Mexican artist Diego Rivera, created in 1943. The artwork, which measures 76 x 61 cm, is an oil on canvas and is part of the realism movement. It depicts two indigenous women selling calla lilies, a common flower in Mexican culture. Background of Diego Rivera Diego Rivera (1886-1957) was a prominent Mexican painter known for his work in magic…

7
Colonisation, 'The Great City of Tenochtitlan' (1952) by Дијего Ривера

Colonisation, 'The Great City of Tenochtitlan'

1952 · Acrylic On Canvas

“Colonisation, ‘The Great City of Tenochtitlan’,” painted in 1952 by the monumental Diego Rivera, stands as a visceral and profoundly unsettling testament to a pivotal moment in history. Measuring an imposing 971 x 492 cm, this mural transcends mere depiction; it is a carefully constructed narrative of conquest, brimming with symbolism and rendered with Rivera’s signature robust style. The scene unfolds against a backdrop of a stark field, punctuated by…

8
The Sacrificial Offering Day of the Dead (1924) by Дијего Ривера

The Sacrificial Offering Day of the Dead

1924 · Oil On Canvas

To stand before Diego Rivera’s "The Sacrificial Offering Day of the Dead" is to step through a portal into a dreamscape painted with the fervor of devotion. This monumental, mural-style painting does not merely depict a scene; it immerses the viewer in an experience—a vibrant, almost overwhelming confluence of ritual, spirituality, and profound cultural memory. The overall impression is one of intense, glowing energy emanating from a central, luminous structure,…

9
Entering the Mine by Дијего Ривера

Entering the Mine

Acrylic On Canvas

“Entering the Mine,” a monumental mural by Diego Rivera, embodies the artist's signature style – a potent blend of social realism, historical narrative, and vibrant color. This captivating work, depicting a group of men engaged in collaborative construction, transcends a simple depiction of manual labor; it’s a profound meditation on community, dedication, and the very foundations upon which society is built. Rivera, born in Guanajuato in 1886, was deeply committed…

10
Portrait of Marevna (1915) by Дијего Ривера

Portrait of Marevna

1915 · Oil On Canvas · Art Institute of Chicago, Čikago

A Fragmented Presence The figure of Maria Vorobieff-Stebelska, known as Marevna, emerges through a series of intersecting geometric planes. This 1915 composition utilizes the principles of Synthetic Cubism to deconstruct the subject into angular facets. Sharp lines define the edges of her face and clothing, breaking the form into triangles and quadrilaterals. A muted palette of black, brown, ochre, and grey anchors the work, while unexpected patches of light blue,…

Дијего Ривера: entries 11 to 100

11Detroit Industry: East Wall (1933) by Дијего РивераDetroit Industry: East Wall1933 · Detroit Institute of Arts 12Flower Festival (1925) by Дијего РивераFlower Festival1925 13Entry into the Mine (1923) by Дијего РивераEntry into the Mine1923 14The Tenptations of Saint Antony (1947) by Дијего РивераThe Tenptations of Saint Antony1947 15The Hands of Dr Moore (1940) by Дијего РивераThe Hands of Dr Moore1940 16Self-Portrait 1 by Дијего РивераSelf-Portrait 1 17The Day of the Dead (1944) by Дијего РивераThe Day of the Dead1944 18Woman Grinding Maize (1924) by Дијего РивераWoman Grinding Maize1924 19Bather of Tehuantepec (1923) by Дијего РивераBather of Tehuantepec1923 20Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park (1948) by Дијего РивераDream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park1948 · Museo Mural Diego Rivera 21Woman at a Well (1913) by Дијего РивераWoman at a Well1913 22Triumph of the Revolution (1926) by Дијего РивераTriumph of the Revolution1926 23Seated Nude with Raised Arms [Desnudo sentado con brazos levantados (Frida Kahlo)] (1930) by Дијего РивераSeated Nude with Raised Arms [Desnudo sentado con brazos levantados (Frida Kahlo)]1930 · Nagoya City Art Museum 24Portrait of Lupe Marin (1938) by Дијего РивераPortrait of Lupe Marin1938 25Self-Portrait Dedicated to Irene Rich (1941) by Дијего РивераSelf-Portrait Dedicated to Irene Rich1941 26Zandunga, Tehuantepec Dance by Дијего РивераZandunga, Tehuantepec Dance 27Ofrenda II (1954) by Дијего РивераOfrenda II1954 · Museo Dolores Olmedo 28Sketch for The Mathematician (1918) by Дијего РивераSketch for The Mathematician1918 · Museo Dolores Olmedo 29Subterranean Forces (1927) by Дијего РивераSubterranean Forces1927 30Día de Muertos en Janitzio (1954) by Дијего РивераDía de Muertos en Janitzio1954 · Museo Dolores Olmedo 31Nude With Beads (Frida Kahlo) by Дијего РивераNude With Beads (Frida Kahlo) 32The Mathematician (1918) by Дијего РивераThe Mathematician1918 33untitled (7372) by Дијего Ривераuntitled (7372) 34Portrait of Florence Arquin (1943) by Дијего РивераPortrait of Florence Arquin1943 · Art Institute of Chicago 35Frozen Assets (1931) by Дијего РивераFrozen Assets1931 36Open Air School by Дијего РивераOpen Air School 37Study for Subterranean Forces by Дијего РивераStudy for Subterranean Forces 38Self-Portrait (1907) by Дијего РивераSelf-Portrait1907 39No. 9, Nature Morte Espagnole (1915) by Дијего РивераNo. 9, Nature Morte Espagnole1915 · National Gallery of Art 40Partition of the Land. (1924) by Дијего РивераPartition of the Land.1924 41Night of the Poor (1928) by Дијего РивераNight of the Poor1928 42Night of the Rich (1928) by Дијего РивераNight of the Rich1928 43The Maize Festival (1924) by Дијего РивераThe Maize Festival1924 44Proletarian Unity (1933) by Дијего РивераProletarian Unity1933 · Nagoya City Art Museum 45detroit industry (1933) by Дијего Ривераdetroit industry1933 46Beguinage a Bruges by Дијего РивераBeguinage a Bruges 47Nude with Calla Lilies (1942) by Дијего РивераNude with Calla Lilies1942 · Museo Dolores Olmedo 48Zapatista Landscape - The Guerrilla by Дијего РивераZapatista Landscape - The Guerrilla 49A History of Medicine (1953) by Дијего РивераA History of Medicine1953 50La Era (The Threshing Floor) 1904 (oil on canvas) (1904) by Дијего РивераLa Era (The Threshing Floor) 1904 (oil on canvas)1904 51The Watermelons by Дијего РивераThe Watermelons 52The Flower Seller by Дијего РивераThe Flower Seller 53Flower Festival Feast of Santa Anita by Дијего РивераFlower Festival Feast of Santa Anita 54Flower Seller 1 by Дијего РивераFlower Seller 1 55Portrait of Two Women (1914) by Дијего РивераPortrait of Two Women1914 56Wall Street Banquet (1928) by Дијего РивераWall Street Banquet1928 57Exit from the Mine (1923) by Дијего РивераExit from the Mine1923 58Alliance of the Peasant and the Industrial Worker (1924) by Дијего РивераAlliance of the Peasant and the Industrial Worker1924 59Tehuana Women (1923) by Дијего РивераTehuana Women1923 60Detroit Industry, West Wall (1932) by Дијего РивераDetroit Industry, West Wall1932 · Detroit Institute of Arts 61Detroit Industry, South Wall (1932) by Дијего РивераDetroit Industry, South Wall1932 · Detroit Institute of Arts 62detroit industry, south wall (1933) by Дијего Ривераdetroit industry, south wall1933 63Still Life (1913) by Дијего РивераStill Life1913 64Spanish Landscape, Toledo [Paisaije español, Toledo] (1932) by Дијего РивераSpanish Landscape, Toledo [Paisaije español, Toledo]1932 · Nagoya City Art Museum 65Dancer Resting (1939) by Дијего РивераDancer Resting1939 66Flower Seller by Дијего РивераFlower Seller 67The Painter's Studio (1954) by Дијего РивераThe Painter's Studio1954 68Landscape by Дијего РивераLandscape 69Pre-Hispanic America (Book cover for Pablo Neruda's Canto General) by Дијего РивераPre-Hispanic America (Book cover for Pablo Neruda's Canto General) 70The Liberated Earth with the Powers of Nature Controlled by Man by Дијего РивераThe Liberated Earth with the Powers of Nature Controlled by Man 71Le bock (Beer Glass) (1917) by Дијего РивераLe bock (Beer Glass)1917 · Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía 72The Killing of Maximiliano (1935) by Дијего РивераThe Killing of Maximiliano1935 · Museo Dolores Olmedo 73Still-life with Glass (1915) by Дијего РивераStill-life with Glass1915 · Izraelski muzej 74Still Life (1916) by Дијего РивераStill Life1916 · Saint Louis Art Museum 75untitled (607) by Дијего Ривераuntitled (607) 76Flower Vendor With Child by Дијего РивераFlower Vendor With Child 77Erupting Volcano by Дијего РивераErupting Volcano 78untitled (8108) by Дијего Ривераuntitled (8108) 79untitled (2605) by Дијего Ривераuntitled (2605) 80The History of Mexico - The World of Today and Tomorrow by Дијего РивераThe History of Mexico - The World of Today and Tomorrow 81Day of the Dead by Дијего РивераDay of the Dead 82Nude with Flowers (Veiled Woman) by Дијего РивераNude with Flowers (Veiled Woman) 83The Café Terrace (1915) by Дијего РивераThe Café Terrace1915 · Metropoliten музеј у Њујорку 84Breton Girl (1910) by Дијего РивераBreton Girl1910 85the flower seller (1886) by Дијего Ривераthe flower seller1886 86Head of a Goat (1905) by Дијего РивераHead of a Goat1905 87Montserrat (1911) by Дијего РивераMontserrat1911 · National Gallery of Art 88Flower Market by Дијего РивераFlower Market 89Angeline Beloff by Дијего РивераAngeline Beloff 90Tehuana with Basket by Дијего РивераTehuana with Basket 91Head of a Woman by Дијего РивераHead of a Woman 92A Study of Two Americas by Дијего РивераA Study of Two Americas 93Reclining Nude with Snake by Дијего РивераReclining Nude with Snake 94Portrait of Jean Cocteau by Дијего РивераPortrait of Jean Cocteau 95Cabeza de Campesino Viejo by Дијего РивераCabeza de Campesino Viejo 96Nude With Beads (Frida Kahlo) 1 by Дијего РивераNude With Beads (Frida Kahlo) 1 97Mexican Highway by Дијего РивераMexican Highway 98The Soldier by Дијего РивераThe Soldier 99Indian Woman by Дијего РивераIndian Woman 100Portrait of David Alfaro Siqueiros by Дијего РивераPortrait of David Alfaro Siqueiros

Дијего Ривера: works by period

Principal subjects in the work of Дијего Ривера

The four subjects most frequently represented among these works, each with its best-known example.

Дијего Ривера: holding museums

The 8 museums that hold the most of the paintings on this page.

Museum City Works by Дијего Ривера Paintings from this list
Museo Dolores Olmedo, Meksiko SitiMuseo Dolores Olmedo Meksiko Siti 6 Ofrenda II, Sketch for The Mathematician, Día de Muertos en Janitzio
Detroit Institute of Arts, DetroitDetroit Institute of Arts Detroit 4 Detroit Industry: East Wall, Detroit Industry, West Wall, Detroit Industry, South Wall
Nagoya City Art Museum, NagoyaNagoya City Art Museum Nagoya 3 Seated Nude with Raised Arms [Desnudo sentado con brazos levantados (Frida Kahlo)], Proletarian Unity, Spanish Landscape, Toledo [Paisaije español, Toledo]
Art Institute of Chicago, ČikagoArt Institute of Chicago Čikago 3 Portrait of Marevna, Portrait of Florence Arquin
National Gallery of Art, WashingtonNational Gallery of Art Washington 2 No. 9, Nature Morte Espagnole, Montserrat
Museo Mural Diego Rivera, Meksiko SitiMuseo Mural Diego Rivera Meksiko Siti 2 Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, MadridMuseo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía Madrid 2 Le bock (Beer Glass)
Palace of Fine arts, Mexico CityPalace of Fine arts Mexico City 1 Čovek na raskrsnici / Čovek, kontrolor univerzuma

Дијего Ривера: principal painting of each decade

Works per decade

Select a decade to display its principal painting.

Дијего Ривера's paintings: reference questions

Which painting by Дијего Ривера is the most widely known?Display the answer

Čovek na raskrsnici / Čovek, kontrolor univerzuma (1934), Palace of Fine arts, Mexico City. The following entries are Detroit Industrija, Severna zidova and Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park (1948).

What was the age of Дијего Ривера when Čovek na raskrsnici / Čovek, kontrolor univerzuma was painted?Display the answer

48 years: Дијего Ривера was born in 1886 and Čovek na raskrsnici / Čovek, kontrolor univerzuma is dated 1934.

Which ten paintings by Дијего Ривера are the best known?Display the answer

Čovek na raskrsnici / Čovek, kontrolor univerzuma, Detroit Industrija, Severna zidova, Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park, Land and Freedom, The Flower Carrier, Calla Lily Vendor, Colonisation, 'The Great City of Tenochtitlan', The Sacrificial Offering Day of the Dead, Entering the Mine and Portrait of Marevna. The list above records the date and holding museum of each.

How many works by Дијего Ривера are documented?Display the answer

The catalogue records 383 works by Дијего Ривера, dated between 1904 and 1954.

Which museums hold the best-known paintings of Дијего Ривера?Display the answer

Principally in Museo Dolores Olmedo (Meksiko Siti), Detroit Institute of Arts (Detroit) and Nagoya City Art Museum (Nagoya). The museum table above gives the full distribution.

In which period were Дијего Ривера's best-known works painted?Display the answer

In 1920s: 15 of the 100 works listed on this page are dated to that period, including The Sacrificial Offering Day of the Dead.

Which are the earliest and latest dated works by Дијего Ривера on this list?Display the answer

The earliest dated work listed here is La Era (The Threshing Floor) 1904 (oil on canvas) (1904); the latest is Ofrenda II (1954).

Which subjects recur most in the work of Дијего Ривера?Display the answer

Diego rivera (17), Mexican art (12) and People (6), out of the 100 works listed on this page.

Which medium predominates in the work of Дијего Ривера?Display the answer

Oil On Canvas, in 16 of the 100 works listed on this page.

With which art movement is Дијего Ривера associated?Display the answer

Realism, as documented by the works on this page.

Which works by Дијего Ривера are in the collection of the Museo Dolores Olmedo?Display the answer

Ofrenda II, Sketch for The Mathematician and Día de Muertos en Janitzio are among the 5 works on this page in the collection of the Museo Dolores Olmedo, Meksiko Siti.

Дијего Ривера: biographical notes

Rani Život i Umetnički Probod

Dijego Rivera, rođen kao Dijego Marija de la Konsepsion Huan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera i Barientos Akosta i Rodriges u Gvanahuatu, Meksiko, 8. decembra 1886. godine, ušao je u svet koji je već bio prožet umetničkom osetljivošću. Od svoje treće godine, neosporna fascinacija umetnošću procvetala je unutar njega, negovana roditeljima koji su prepoznali i podsticali njegov rastući talenat. Njegove rane godine obeležene su formalnim obrazovanjem na Akademiji San Karlos u Meksiko Sitiju, gde je marljivo usavršavao svoje veštine tradicionalnog slikarstva i skulpture. Ključan trenutak dogodio se 1907. godine kada ga je Teodoro A. dehesa Mendez velikodušno sponzorisao za studije u inostranstvu, lansirajući ga u srce evropske umetničke fermentacije.

Njegovo prvo putovanje odvelo ga je u Madrid, Španiju, gde je studirao pod Eduardom Čičarom, upijajući principe realizma. Međutim, upravo je Pariz zaista potpalio njegovu kreativnu evoluciju. Uronjen u živahnoj zajednici Montparnasa, Rivera se susreo sa kaleidoskopom umetničkih perspektiva, najznačajnije revolucionarnim principima kubizma nakon 1912. godine. Uticaj Pabla Pikasa i Žorža Seura postao je opipljiv u njegovom radu, jer je počeo da dekonstruiše forme i istražuje ukrštene ravni – odstupanje od tradicionalne reprezentacije koje će definisati značajnu fazu njegovog umetničkog putovanja.

Povratak u Meksiko i Renesansa Murala

Duboka promena dogodila se 1921. godine kada se Rivera vratio u svoju domovinu, naciju koja se suočavala sa posledicama revolucije. Ovaj povratak nije bio samo geografski relokacija; to je bilo ideološko buđenje. Postao je centralna figura rastućeg meksičkog muralističkog pokreta, snažnog umetničkog odgovora na društvene i političke nemire tog vremena. Pokret je imao za cilj da demokratizuje umetnost, izvuče je iz elitnih krugova i uvede u javne prostore dostupne svim građanima.

Riverini murali nisu bili jednostavno dekorativni; to su bili snažni narativi meksičke istorije, kulture i društvenih borbi. Njegova rana remek-dela, kao što je “Stvaranje” (1922), pokazala su njegovu inovativnu upotrebu tehnike enkaustike, dok su monumentalna dela u Sekretarijatu za javno obrazovanje u Meksiko Sitiju otkrila prepoznatljiv stil karakterizovan velikim, pojednostavljenim figurama i jarkim bojama – namerna oda aztečkoj umetnosti i pred-kolumbijskoj estetici. Ovi murali nisu bili samo slike; to su bili vizuelni manifesti, proklamujući novi nacionalni identitet kovan iz svojih autohtonih korena i revolucionarnog duha.

Stil Kovan u Društvenoj Svesti

Dijegov Riverin umetnički stil je trenutno prepoznatljiv – monumentalni obim koji privlači pažnju, pojednostavljene forme koje prenose snažne poruke, jarke boje koje evociraju bogatstvo meksičke kulture i nepokolebljiva fokusiranost na društvene i istorijske narative. Njegov rad nije bio ograničen estetskim zabrinutošću; bio je duboko isprepleten sa njegovim političkim uverenjima, posebno njegovim marksističkim uverenjima.

“Snovi nedeljnog popodneva” je možda jedno od njegovih najpoznatijih dela, iako i kontroverzno zbog svog prikaza ateizma. Murali industrije Detroita (1933), naručeni za Institut za umetnost u Detroitu, svedoče o njegovoj sposobnosti da uhvati dinamiku i složenost industrijskog života, prikazujući moć mašina i dostojanstvo radnika koji su ih koristili. Besprekorno je spojio elemente meksičke narodne umetnosti sa pred-kolumbijskim slikama, stvarajući vizuelni jezik koji je bio jedinstven za njega – snažnu sintezu tradicije i modernosti.

Nasleđe i Trajni Uticaj

Uticaj Dijega Rivere na umetnost 20. veka je nemerljiv. Ne pamti se samo kao jedan od najvažnijih umetnika Meksika, već kao globalna ikona čiji rad nastavlja da rezonira sa publikom danas. Njegovi murali nisu samo umetnička dostignuća; to su značajni primeri socijalnog realizma i javne umetnosti – snažne izjave o ljudskom stanju i borbi za društvenu pravdu.

Igrao je ključnu ulogu u uspostavljanju meksičkog muralizma kao uticajnog umetničkog pokreta, inspirišući generacije umetnika da koriste svoj rad kao sredstvo za društvenu kritiku. Njegov lični život, posebno njegova strastvena i često burna veza sa Fridom Kahlo, dalje je učvrstio njegov položaj u popularnoj kulturi, dodajući još jedan sloj intrige njegovoj već očaravajućoj ostavštini.

Riverina posvećenost prikazivanju života i borbi običnih ljudi, zajedno sa njegovim inovativnim umetničkim tehnikama, osigurava da će njegov rad nastaviti da inspiriše i izaziva razmišljanje generacijama koje dolaze. Ostavio je za sobom telo rada koje nije samo vizuelno zapanjujuće, već i duboko smisleno – svedočenje o moći umetnosti da oblikuje naše razumevanje istorije, kulture i nas samih.

Značajna Dela

  • Stvaranje (1922): Njegov prvi značajan mural, koristeći tehniku enkaustike.
  • Snovi nedeljnog popodneva: Kontroverzno delo poznato po svom prikazu ateizma i istorijskih figura.
  • Murali Sekretarijata za javno obrazovanje: Prikazuju njegov jedinstveni stil sa velikim, pojednostavljenim formama i jarkim bojama inspirisanim aztečkom umetnošću.
  • Murali industrije Detroita (1933): Naručeni za Institut za umetnost u Detroitu, prikazujući industrijske procese i radnike.

All 383 works by Дијего Ривера →