Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Three Generals

Name Class Date

Misch Kohn, Three Generals (1961). Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder.

The facts

Artist
Misch Kohn wikioo.org/en/artists/misch-kohn/
Artist’s dates
1916 – 2003
Painted
1961
Original size
70 x 50 cm

In context

Three Generals — Misch Kohn

How big is it?

The original measures 70 × 50 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1910
  2. 1920
  3. 1930
  4. 1940
  5. 1950
  6. 1960
  7. 1970
  8. 1980
  9. 1990
  10. 2000

Shaded: the lifetime of Misch Kohn (1916–2003) ▲ this work, 1961

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: wikioo.org/en/art/similar/misch-kohn-three-generals-AQU2DM-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Putty #ded7cd

    Catalogued palette

    • #DED7CD
    • #7D786F
    • #38332C
    • #B2AEA3
    Palette
    Neutrals The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Putty
    Intensity
    Monochromatic How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Balanced How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Strong Color Unity How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Brilliant How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    About this artwork

    Three Generals — Misch Kohn

    The world of art is replete with masterpieces that not only showcase the skill of the artist but also tell stories that transcend time. One such piece is Three Generals by Misch Kohn, a lithograph created in 1961, now housed at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in the United States. This black and white lithograph measures 70 x 50 cm and is a testament to Kohn's exceptional printmaking skills.

    Composition and Symbolism

    The image depicts three generals standing side by side, each adorned with unique helmets that add character to the scene. The first general wears a helmet with two horns, the second with one horn, and the third has no horns at all. This composition is not just visually appealing but also rich in symbolism, inviting viewers to ponder the significance of these differences. The generals appear to be facing forward, possibly towards an enemy or a battlefield, suggesting themes of conflict, strategy, and leadership.

    Artistic Style and Influences

    Misch Kohn's work, including Three Generals, reflects his mastery over lithography. His style is characterized by intricate details and patterns, which are evident in the helmets and the posture of the generals. For those interested in exploring more of Kohn's works, Ikaros and Red Beast are notable pieces that showcase his versatility as an artist. Key Points About the Painting:

    Created in 1961 by Misch Kohn

    Medium: Lithography

    Size: 70 x 50 cm

    Location: Smithsonian American Art Museum, United States

    Exploring More at AllPaintingsStore: For art enthusiasts and collectors, AllPaintingsStore.com offers a wide range of handmade oil painting reproductions, including works by Misch Kohn and other renowned artists. The platform is a treasure trove for those looking to delve into the world of art, with detailed information about paintings, artists, and museums like the Musée D'art Moderne André Malraux.

    The allure of Three Generals lies not only in its aesthetic appeal but also in the story it tells and the questions it raises. As a piece of art, it stands as a testament to Misch Kohn's skill and creativity, inviting viewers to step into a world of strategy, honor, and the complexities of human conflict.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Misch Kohn

    Misch Kohn (1916–2003): A Pioneer of Figurative Expressionism

    Misch Kohn, born Harris Kohn in Kokomo, Indiana on March 26, 1916, to Russian immigrants Jacob and Anna Kohn, embarked on an artistic journey marked by profound engagement with social issues and a masterful exploration of printmaking techniques. His formative years were shaped by the Herron School of Art in Indianapolis where he honed his skills before pursuing further studies at Yale University. Notably, Kohn’s artistic trajectory took a decisive turn during his time at Laszlo Moholy-Nagy’s “New Bauhaus” Institute of Design in Chicago, fostering an innovative approach to graphic art that would define his career.

    Early Influences: Kohn's initial exposure to European avant-garde movements—particularly Dada and Surrealism—fueled a desire to challenge conventional artistic norms and embrace emotional intensity as a primary expressive tool.

    The WPA Years: Following World War II, Kohn joined the Works Progress Administration (WPA), immersing himself in collaborative projects that addressed pressing social concerns during the era. This experience solidified his commitment to art’s role in shaping public discourse.

    Exploring Printmaking Techniques and Conceptual Depth

    Kohn's artistic philosophy centered on pushing the boundaries of printmaking mediums—woodcuts, lithographs, etchings—to convey complex ideas and emotions. He meticulously studied the processes involved, mastering techniques like aquatint and drypoint to achieve nuanced tonal gradations and textural effects. His prints often depicted scenes from everyday life interwoven with symbolic representations of human experience, reflecting a humanist sensibility deeply rooted in his Jewish heritage.

    Collaboration with Stanley William Hayter: Kohn’s partnership with Stanley William Hayter at Atelier 17 in New York proved pivotal, introducing him to the principles of etching and fostering experimentation with innovative printing methods.

    The Bauhaus Legacy: The influence of Moholy-Nagy's Bauhaus aesthetic—emphasizing geometric abstraction alongside expressive elements—shaped Kohn’s artistic vision and encouraged him to integrate formal considerations into his thematic explorations.

    Iconic Works and Critical Recognition

    Kohn achieved international acclaim for his distinctive style, characterized by haunting portraits and evocative depictions of urban landscapes during the Second World War. Among his most celebrated pieces are “Season in Hell,” a visceral portrayal of existential angst; “My Grandfather’s Mustache,” which explores themes of memory and identity; “General,” reflecting on the complexities of leadership and responsibility; and “Three Generals,” symbolizing power dynamics and moral dilemmas. His artwork garnered recognition from prominent institutions including the Museum of Modern Art, New York City and the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., cementing his place as a seminal figure in postwar American art.

    Legacy and Continuing Influence

    Misch Kohn died peacefully in Castro Valley, California on February 12, 2003, leaving behind an enduring artistic legacy that continues to inspire contemporary printmakers. His unwavering dedication to exploring the expressive potential of printmaking—combined with his profound engagement with social and psychological themes—established him as a champion of figurative expressionism and a visionary artist who profoundly impacted the trajectory of modern art history. Kohn’s work remains a testament to the transformative power of artistic vision and its capacity to illuminate the human condition.

    Where to read more

    • The artist Misch Kohn wikioo.org/en/artists/misch-kohn/
    • Similar works More works to compare wikioo.org/en/art/similar/misch-kohn-three-generals-AQU2DM-en/

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Three Generals

    wikioo.org/en/art/download/misch-kohn-three-generals-AQU2DM-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Kohn, Misch. Three Generals. 1961, https://wikioo.org/en/art/misch-kohn-three-generals-AQU2DM-en/
    APA
    Kohn, Misch (1961). Three Generals [Painting]. https://wikioo.org/en/art/misch-kohn-three-generals-AQU2DM-en/
    Chicago
    Misch Kohn. Three Generals. 1961. https://wikioo.org/en/art/misch-kohn-three-generals-AQU2DM-en/
    Harvard
    Kohn, Misch (1961) Three Generals. Available at: https://wikioo.org/en/art/misch-kohn-three-generals-AQU2DM-en/

    Look closely

    Three Generals — Misch Kohn

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Look back at Cathedral II (1954), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    4. Misch Kohn was about 45 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?
    5. What might the artist have wanted you to feel?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.