Early Life and Military Service

• Born: Algiers, Algeria, May 21, 1849
• Died: Le Raincy, France, July 28, 1928
• Family Background: Son of a colonel in the gendarmerie.
• Military Career: Served as a soldier and participated in the Franco-Prussian War.
• Legion of Honour: Awarded the Legion of Honour for his actions during the war, resulting in retirement due to injuries sustained.

Artistic Training and Early Career

• Education: Studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1874.
• Early Exhibitions: Showed his paintings in numerous salons in Paris.
• Commercial Illustration Beginnings: Commissioned to illustrate Théophile Gautier's novel *Fortunio*, marking a shift towards commercial work.
• Pseudonym "Paul Avril": Adopted the pseudonym "Paul Avril" for his illustrations, particularly those of an erotic nature. This was partly to protect his reputation and distinguish his more explicit works from his other artistic endeavors.

Illustrative Work and Erotic Literature

• Prolific Illustrator: Became a highly sought-after illustrator for both mainstream novels and "galante literature" (erotica).
• Notable Works: Illustrated numerous significant works, including:
  • Gustave Flaubert's *Salammbô*
  • Jean Baptiste Louvet de Couvray’s *The Adventures of the Chevalier de Faublas*
  • Mario Uchard's *Mon Oncle Barbassou (Scenes in a Harem)*
  • Hector France's *Musk, Hashish and Blood*
  • Pietro Aretino's writings
  • John Cleland’s *Fanny Hill* (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure) – a particularly significant and controversial publication.
• De Figuris Veneris: Illustrated Friedrich Karl Forberg's *De Figuris Veneris*, a manual of classical erotica, in 1906; considered one of his major works.
• Sapphic Illustrations: Known for illustrating lesbian themes and imagery.
• Limited Editions & Collectors: His erotic works were often produced in small, limited editions catering to collectors.

Style, Influences, and Historical Significance

• Artistic Style: Avril's style is characterized by a blend of classical influences and detailed realism. He skillfully rendered both the human form and intricate details within his illustrations.
• Influences: Likely influenced by contemporary French artists and illustrators working in similar genres, as well as classical art traditions.
• Historical Context: Avril's work reflects a period of shifting social attitudes towards sexuality and artistic expression in late 19th-century France. His illustrations provided visual representations of erotic themes that were often explored in literature but rarely depicted so explicitly.
• Legacy: While his reputation was somewhat obscured due to the nature of his work, Avril is now recognized as a significant figure in the history of illustration and erotica. He helped shape the visual landscape of late 19th-century erotic literature and contributed to its growing popularity among collectors and readers.

Later Life and Family

• Brother Paul-Victor Avril: Had a brother, Paul-Victor Avril, who was also an artist and engraver; sometimes created etchings based on Édouard-Henri's illustrations.
• Death: Died at Le Raincy in 1928.