The Architecture of the Pantheon
The Pantheon is a Roman temple and a Catholic church, known as the Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres. It was originally built under Emperor Augustus and later reconstructed by Emperor Hadrian around 126 AD. The structure is defined by its circular plan and a massive concrete dome. This dome remains the largest unreinforced concrete dome in existence. At its apex lies the oculus, a circular opening that allows natural light to enter the interior, creating a shifting interplay of illumination across the marble floors.
The portico is framed by sixteen Corinthian columns made of Egyptian granite. These monoliths were transported from Egypt to Rome, serving as physical evidence of the empire's logistical reach. The interior features a coffered ceiling, where interlocking panels distribute the weight of the dome while creating an illusion of height. The building has transitioned from a pagan sanctuary to a Christian basilica, a change that ensured its preservation through the centuries.
Artistic and Royal Presence
The interior serves as a repository for significant funerary art and historical monuments. The space contains the tomb of Raphael, which reflects the artistic traditions of the Renaissance. Beyond the works of individual artists, the Pantheon functions as a resting place for Italian monarchs, including Vittorio Emanuele II and Umberto I. These tombs provide a layer of historical continuity within the sacred space.
The collection and the site itself include:
- The tomb of Raphael
- The royal tombs of Vittorio Emanuele II and Umberto I
- Ancient Roman art and architectural elements
