日期: 1881
博物馆: National Portrait Gallery (Washington, United States)
术: 油画布上的油
共和党人卢瑟福德·B·海斯在1876年大选中以约25万票失利,然而他却在两大政党达成交易后获得了必要的选举团选票. 作为让步,海斯从南方的民主党据点撤出了联邦军队,从而结束了重建和联邦对非裔美国人公民权利的承诺. 这一不吉利的上任开始, A级 民事 战争老兵,海斯召集联邦军队来击倒1877年的大铁路罢工,但私下对他的决定表示保留. 1870年代的印度战争失败后,海斯开始将使用武力视为徒劳无益,对有关各方都具有悲惨的破坏性. 然而,他没有给予美洲原住民真正的主权,而是试图通过青年的文化同化来促使他们屈服于白人当局,强行将西方部落的男孩和女孩送入东方的寄宿学校.
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